Zero-Knowledge & Ring Signatures

To achieve unlinkability and anonymity without trusted setup dependencies, Untrace integrates:

• zk-SNARKs (Groth16): Succinct proofs for mixer operations, minimizing on-chain verification costs and proof sizes.

• Bulletproofs (Range Proofs): Confidential transaction amounts with logarithmic proof size, used in privacy-preserving asset wrapping.

• Ring Signatures (MLSAG): Monero-style ring signatures for stealth transactions, providing signer ambiguity in peer-to-peer payments.

• PLONKish Universal Setup: Leveraging a universal trusted setup for major network deployments, combined with multi-party computation for parameter generation.